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1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 68: e230188, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533670

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Recent studies have shown a relationship between adipose tissue and coronary artery disease (CAD). The ABCA1 transporter regulates cellular cholesterol content and reverses cholesterol transport. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) R230C, C-17G, and C-69T and their expression in epicardial and mediastinal adipose tissue in Mexican patients with CAD. Subjects and methods: The study included 71 patients with CAD and a control group consisting of 64 patients who underwent heart valve replacement. SNPs were determined using TaqMan probes. mRNA was extracted using TriPure Isolation from epicardial and mediastinal adipose tissue. Quantification and expression analyses were done using RT-qPCR. Results: R230C showed a higher frequency of the GG genotype in the CAD group (70.4%) than the control group (57.8%) [OR 0.34, 95% CI (0.14-0.82) p = 0.014]. Similarly, C-17G (rs2740483) showed a statistically significant difference in the CC genotype in the CAD group (63.3%) in comparison to the controls (28.1%) [OR 4.42, 95% CI (2.13-9.16), p = 0.001]. mRNA expression in SNP R230C showed statistically significant overexpression in the AA genotype compared to the GG genotype in CAD patients [11.01 (4.31-15.24) vs. 3.86 (2.47-12.50), p = 0.015]. Conclusion: The results suggest that the GG genotype of R230C and CC genotype of C-17G are strongly associated with the development of CAD in Mexican patients. In addition, under-expression of mRNA in the GG genotype in R230C is associated with patients undergoing revascularization.

2.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 46(1)2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448295

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: la sensibilidad subóptima de las pruebas coproparasitológicas dificulta el diagnóstico de la estrongiloidiasis. Los métodos serológicos son más sensibles, pero los estudios en pacientes inmunodeprimidos son escasos. El objetivo del estudio fue de evaluar la sensibilidad de una prueba ELISA comercial en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Métodos: se realizó en Bolivia un estudio multicéntrico en pacientes con cáncer, VIH, enfermedades reumatológicas y hematológicas. 88 pacientes con larvas de S.stercoralis en heces identificadas mediante técnicas coproparasitológicas tuvieron una prueba serológica ELISA (Bordier Affinity Products). Resultados: la sensibilidad de la técnica ELISA fue de 77,3% (61/88) (CI95%: 67,7-85,1). La sensibilidad de este test serológico fue identificada más baja en pacientes HIV+ con CD4300 o una serología VIH desconocida (84,2%) (p=0,035). Conclusiones: la sensibilidad del ELISA es inversamente proporcional al grado de inmunosupresión. Este resultado refuerza la recomendación de diagnosticar la estrongiloidiasis mediante una combinación de técnicas serológicas y coproparasitológicas.


Objectives: the sensitivity of coproparasitological tests for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis are suboptimal. Serological methods are more sensitive, but studies among immunocompromised patients are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of a commercial ELISA test among immunocompromised patients. Methods: a multicenter study was conducted in Bolivia among patients with cancer, HIV, rheumatologic or hematologic diseases. 88 patients with S. stercoralis larvae in stool identified by coproparasitological techniques had an ELISA serological test (Bordier Affinity Products). Results: the sensitivity of the ELISA technique was 77,3% (61/88) (CI95%: 67,7-85,1), and was identified lower among HIV+ patients with CD4300 or unknown HIV serology (84,2%) (p=0,035). Conclusions: the sensitivity of ELISA is inversely proportional to the degree of immunosuppression. This result reinforces the recommendation to diagnose strongyloidiasis by a combination of serological and coproparasitological techniques.

3.
Gac. méd. boliv ; 46(1)2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448313

ABSTRACT

La estrongiloidiasis es una de las enfermedades parasitarias más desatendidas. Tiene una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad en personas tratadas con corticosteroides o con una inmunidad reducida por otros motivos. En Bolivia los estudios realizados han demostrado una alta prevalencia y su transmisión en diversas regiones tropicales y de los valles interandinos. Aunque la enfermedad no se transmite en climas fríos, todas las regiones de Bolivia pueden verse afectadas debido a la migración interna de la población. Las personas pueden infectarse al viajar a regiones endémicas décadas antes de presentar síntomas, porque si se deja sin tratar, puede persistir de por vida La baja sensibilidad de las pruebas diagnósticas coproparasitológicas utilizadas de rutina dificultan su diagnóstico, pero existen técnicas de diagnóstico más eficientes a bajo costo como la técnica de Baermann modificada. La ivermectina es el tratamiento de elección, muy eficaz, bien tolerado cuando es prescrito a dosis adecuada, accesible y disponible en Bolivia.


Strongyloidiasis is one of the neglected parasitosis. Strongyloidiasis has a high morbidity and mortality among people treated with corticosteroids or with reduced immunity for other reasons. In Bolivia, the studies have shown its transmission and high prevalence in various tropical regions and the inter-Andean valleys. Although the disease is not transmitted in cold climates, people living in all regions of Bolivia can be affected due to internal migration. Infection can occur during travel to endemic areas decades before the onset of symptoms, because if left untreated, the strongyloidiasis can persist for life. This disease is one of the most neglected mainly due to the low sensitivity of the coproparasitological tests routinely used in clinical laboratories. There are more efficient diagnostic methods, such as the modified Baermann technique. which can be applied in Bolivia at low cost. Ivermectin is the treatment of choice, effective, well tolerated in adequate dosis, cheap and available in Bolivia.

4.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 67(2): 214-223, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429727

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the expression of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 mRNA and encoded proteins in epicardial and mediastinal adipose tissues in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Subjects and methods: We studied 60 patients with CAD and 106 patients undergoing valve replacement surgery (controls). Expression levels of UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 mRNA and encoded proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results: We found increased UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 mRNA levels in the epicardial adipose tissue in the CAD versus the control group, and higher UCP1 and UCP3 mRNA expression in the epicardial compared with the mediastinal tissue in the CAD group. There was also increased expression of UCP1 protein in the epicardial tissue and UCP2 protein in the mediastinum tissue in patients with CAD. Finally, UCP1 expression was associated with levels of fasting plasma glucose, and UCP3 expression was associated with levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density cholesterol in the epicardial tissue. Conclusions: Our study supports the hypothesis that higher mRNA expression by UCP genes in the epicardial adipose tissue could be a protective mechanism against the production of reactive oxygen species and may guard the myocardium against damage. Thus, UCP levels are essential to maintain the adaptive phase of cardiac injury in the presence of metabolic disorders.

5.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 39(3): 312-320, jul.-sep. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410010

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo. Desarrollar y evaluar un método de bajo costo basado en celulosa para la purificación rápida y amplificación directa de ADN de Bordetella pertussis de hisopados nasofaríngeos. Materiales y métodos. Se prepararon discos de celulosa y se evaluaron diferentes parámetros (buffers de lisis/lavado, número de discos y elución de ADN). El método se acopló a una amplificación directa por PCR en tiempo real (qPCR) y se estimó el rendimiento utilizando hisopados nasofaríngeos que fueron positivos (n=100) y negativos (n=50) para ADN B. pertussis por qPCR, comparado con el método basado en columnas de sílice. Se calculó el grado de concordancia, sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN). Se evaluó la factibilidad del método rápido para ser acoplado a un ensayo colorimétrico de amplificación isotérmica mediada por lazo (LAMP). Resultados. El método rápido con un disco de celulosa y buffer de lisis y lavado conteniendo PVP-40 y Tween 20, respectivamente, mostró una mayor capacidad para purificar ADN amplificable de B. pertussis. El método tuvo una sensibilidad de 89,0% (IC95%, 80,2%-94,9%) y una especificidad de 98,5% (IC95%, 92,1%-100,0%), con un buen grado de concordancia (Kappa=0,867; IC95% 0,788 - 0,946), respecto al método referencial. Los VPP y VPN fueron 98,6% (IC95%, 92,7,2%-100,0%) y 88,2% (IC95%, 78,7%-94,4%), respectivamente. Se evidenció una amplificación exitosa por LAMP, y se obtuvieron resultados comparables con el método por columnas de sílice. Conclusión. El método desarrollado es simple, de bajo costo y libre de equipos para la obtención rápida (60 segundos) de ADN en el punto de atención, y puede ser implementado en diversas técnicas moleculares orientados al diagnóstico oportuno y al estudio epidemiológico de tos ferina.


ABSTRACT Objective. To develop and evaluate a low-cost cellulose-based method for rapid purification and direct amplification of Bordetella pertussis DNA from nasopharyngeal swabs. Materials and methods. We prepared cellulose discs and evaluated different parameters (lysis/wash buffers, number of discs and DNA elution). The method was coupled to a direct real-time PCR (qPCR) amplification and the performance was estimated using nasopharyngeal swabs that were positive (n=100) and negative (n=50) for B. pertussis DNA by qPCR, compared to the silica column-based method. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and the degree of agreement. The feasibility of the rapid method to be coupled to a loop-mediated isothermal amplification colorimetric assay (LAMP) was evaluated. Results. The rapid method, with a cellulose disk and lysis and wash buffer containing PVP-40 and Tween 20, respectively, showed a greater capacity to purify amplifiable DNA from B. pertussis. The method had a sensitivity of 89.0% (95%CI: 80.2%-94.9%) and a specificity of 98.5% (95%CI: 92.1%-100.0%), with a good degree of agreement (Kappa=0.867; 95%CI: 0.788 - 0.946), compared to the reference method. The PPV and NPV were 98.6% (95%CI: 92.7.2%-100.0%) and 88.2% (95%CI: 78.7%-94.4%), respectively. Successful amplification by LAMP was evident, and comparable results were obtained with the silica column method. Conclusion. The developed method is simple, low-cost and equipment-free for rapid (60 seconds) DNA collection at the point of care, and can be implemented in various molecular techniques aimed at the timely diagnosis and epidemiological study of pertussis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bordetella pertussis/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification , Cellulose , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Whooping Cough/diagnosis , Nasopharynx/microbiology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
6.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 12(2): 16-28, may.-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429554

ABSTRACT

Resumen Antecedentes. La inteligencia artificial (IA) simula los procesos cognitivos transducidos a sistemas informáticos; posibilita tomar decisiones con alto nivel de eficacia, ello permite hacer diagnósticos y predicciones clínicas con base en el análisis con algoritmos precisos. Una de las consecuencias de la pandemia por Covid-19 es el daño en salud mental en la población, la IA y la atención a distancia permite el diagnóstico e intervención de un número importante de personas que buscan apps y espacios virtuales de atención psicológica. Objetivo. Identificar los niveles de ansiedad, autoestima, depresión, fuerza personal, ideación suicida, duelo e inteligencia emocional empleando una app de bienestar durante la pandemia por Covid-19. Material y Método. Se trató de un diseño no probabilístico, no experimental, transversal, descriptivo, cuantitativo y comparativo. Se trató de una n= 30,466 mexicanos de todos los estados del país, usuarios de la aplicación de bienestar psicológico y salud mental Jenny Mindful, que respondieron los instrumentos ex profesos para esta investigación por convocatoria en la app. Procedimiento: mediante la app se envió invitación abierta para participar en la investigación de salud mental durante la pandemia por Covid-19, que incluía los instrumentos a contestar, objetivos, y las indicaciones, del 6 de febrero de 2020 al 3 de mayo de 2021. La app sólo arroja los resultados de los instrumentos contestados, identificando al usuario, el género, la edad; y en caso de los adultos, el rango de salario, la actividad laboral, la empresa de trabajo y el área. Resultados. Del total de los usuarios de la app que participaron, el 83.6% fueron mujeres; el 23% fueron adolescentes, el 45% adultos emergentes, el 31% adultos, y el 1% > 49 años de edad. Se encontraron niveles altos en la población con ansiedad, depresión, estrés e ideación suicida y duelo, con diferencias significativas mayores en mujeres, adolescentes y adultos emergentes; la autoestima con puntuaciones más altas en el grupo de mayores a 49 años. Fuerza personal e inteligencia emocional, factores ambos protectores, tuvieron significancia estadística a favor de adultos, mayores a 49 años, y puntuaciones bajas en el grupo de adolescentes. Conclusiones. Mediante la aplicación de instrumentos de salud mental con una app de bienestar psicológico, se pudo seleccionar a una n elevada de participantes de diferentes grupos etarios, identificando puntuaciones altas de ansiedad, depresión, e ideación suicida en niveles de riesgo, y con diferencias significativas en adolescentes, adultos emergentes, y mujeres. Los adultos mayores de 49 años tuvieron puntuaciones positivas en Fuerza personal e Inteligencia emocional.


Abstract Background. Artificial intelligence (AI) simulates cognitive processes transduced to computer systems. It allows making decisions with a high level of effectiveness, this permit making diagnoses and clinical predictions based on the algorithms. One of the consequences of Covid-19 disease is the damage to mental health in the population. AI and remote care allow the diagnosis and intervention of a significant number of people who are looking for apps and virtual spaces for psychological care. Objective. To identify the levels of anxiety, self-esteem, depression, personal strength, suicidal ideation, grief and emotional intelligence by means of a well-being app during the Covid-19 pandemic. Material and Methods. It was a non-probabilistic, non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive, quantitative and comparative design. Procedure. Through the app, an open invitation was sent to participate in mental health research during the Covid-19 pandemic, which included the instruments to be answered, objectives, and indications, from February six of 2020 to May Three of 2021. The app returns the results of the answered instruments, identifying the user, gender, age, and in the case of adults, the salary range, the work activity, the work company and the work area. Results. Of the total app users who participated, 83.6% were women; 23% were adolescents, 45% emerging adults, 31% adults, and 1% > 49 years of age. High levels of anxiety, depression, stress and suicidal ideation and grief were found in the population, with significant differences greater in women, adolescents, and emerging adults; self-esteem with higher scores in the group older than 49 years. Personal strength and emotional intelligence, both protective factors, had statistical significance in favor of adults, older than 49 years, and low scores in the group of adolescents. Conclusions. With the application of mental health instruments with a psychological well-being app, it was possible to select a high n of participants from different age groups, identifying high scores for anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation at risk levels, and with significant differences in adolescents, emerging adults, and women. Those over 49 years of age had positive scores on Personal Strength and Emotional Intelligence.

7.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 21(4)ago. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1441924

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El carcinoma verrucoso es una variante poco común de carcinoma escamoso bien diferenciado, que carece de rasgos citológicos de malignidad, tiene un crecimiento lento, es infiltrativo, pero no metastatiza. Objetivo: Identificar los aspectos clínico-histopatológicos y terapéuticos de una variante inusual de tumor laríngeo. Presentación del caso: Se reporta un nuevo caso de carcinoma verrucoso, paciente masculino de 78 años que se presentó en la consulta de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Docente general "Enrique Cabrera" con disfonía. Se realizó laringoscopia indirecta y se detectó lesión exofítica sugestiva de neoplasia. Se tomaron tres biopsias, solo la última, fue de utilidad para diagnosticar un carcinoma verrucoso. Se trató con radiaciones y cirugía. El paciente presenta un intervalo libre de enfermedad después de ocho años de seguimiento. Conclusiones: Para el diagnóstico del carcinoma verrucoso es necesario biopsias profundas y la acuciosidad del patólogo para llegar al diagnóstico. Se hace énfasis en la importancia del trabajo en el contexto del grupo multidisciplinario(AU)


Introduction: Verrucous carcinoma is an uncommon variant of a well differentiated squamous carcinoma that lacks cytological features of malignancy and is often slow-growing, infiltrative, but not metastatic. Objective: To identify the clinical, histopathologic and therapeutic aspects of an unusual variant of laryngeal tumor. Case presentation: A 78-year-old male patient who attended the otorhinolaryngology consultation at "Enrique Cabrera" General Teaching Hospital with dysphonia is reported as a new case of Verrucous carcinoma. Indirect laryngoscopy was performed and an exophytic lesion suggestive of neoplasia was detected. Three biopsies were taken, but only the last one was useful to diagnose a Verrucous carcinoma. It was treated with radiation and surgery. The patient has a disease-free survival after eight years of follow-up. Conclusions: Deep biopsies performed by a skillful pathologist are necessary to reach the diagnosis of Verrucous carcinoma. Emphasis is placed on the importance of working in the context of a multidisciplinary team(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Verrucous/pathology
9.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408657

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los hábitos tóxicos son uno de los principales factores que convierten a las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad. Objetivo: Describir la presencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y hábitos tóxicos como el consumo de café, alcohol y tabaco en una población de la tercera edad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el Consultorio médico 20 del municipio Arroyo Naranjo de La Habana entre octubre de 2018 y mayo de 2019. La población en estudio estuvo conformada por 365 pacientes geriátricos con diagnóstico de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, sexo, enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles asociadas y sustancias tóxicas consumidas. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante revisión de historias clínicas y entrevistas realizadas a cada paciente. Los resultados se expresaron mediante tablas y gráficos estadísticos. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino y la hipertensión arterial como enfermedad de mayor prevalencia. La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica fue mayor en hombres y fueron estos los más fumadores. La presencia de úlceras y el consumo de café fueron mayores en las mujeres. En los pacientes entre 60-71 años fue donde se encontró el mayor número de hipertensos y los mayores consumidores de bebidas alcohólicas. Los del grupo 72-82 años fueron los mayores consumidores de tabaco y los más afectados por el asma bronquial. Conclusiones: Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles constituyen un problema de salud en la población estudiada. Los hábitos tóxicos detectados se asocian a la presencia de dichas enfermedades en los pacientes estudiados(AU)


Introduction: Toxic habits are one of the main factors that make chronic noncommunicable diseases an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To describe the presence of chronic noncommunicable diseases and toxic habits such as consumption of coffee, alcohol and tobacco in an elderly population. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in the family medical office # 20 of the Arroyo Naranjo Municipality, Havana, between October 2018 and May 2019. The study population consisted of 365 geriatric patients diagnosed with chronic noncommunicable diseases. The variables analyzed were age, sex, associated chronic noncommunicable diseases and toxic substances consumed. The data were obtained by reviewing medical records and through interviews with each patient. The results were expressed using statistical tables and graphs. Results: In the research, the female sex predominated, together with arterial hypertension as the most prevalent disease. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was higher in men, who also accounted for the higher number of smokers. The presence of ulcers and coffee consumption were higher among women. It was in patients aged 60-71 years where the highest number of hypertensive patients and the highest consumers of alcoholic beverages were found. Those in the 72-82 age group were the greatest tobacco consumers and the most affected by bronchial asthma. Conclusions: Chronic noncommunicable diseases are a health concern in the studied population. The toxic habits detected are associated with the presence of these diseases in the patients studied(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Aged , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive
10.
Rev. salud pública ; 23(4): e202, jul.-ago. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1377202

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective This pilot study assesses the feasibility of using mystery patients to evaluate cervical cancer screenings provided to women in rural Bolivia. Methods We developed a protocol with local officials and adapted and pre-tested a debriefing tool. Eight mystery patients with existing appointments at four purposively selected rural facilities were recruited and trained. An interviewer debriefed patients after their screenings, and entered responses into a spreadsheet for analysis. Questionnaire response frequencies and missing observations were presented. Results All patients completed screening and debriefing. On average, 93% of the questions were completed, with non-responses largely due to questions that were irrelevant to the screening venue. Responses revealed problems with confidentiality and dignity, minimal exam explanations or health education, inconsistencies across health facilities in Papanicolaou test availability, and problems in delivering and receiving test results. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the mystery patient method can be useful in evaluating the quality of cervical cancer screening and the delivery of test results in rural Bolivia.


RESUMEN Objetivo Este estudio piloto evalúa la viabilidad de utilizar pacientes misteriosos para evaluar los exámenes de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino proporcionados a mujeres en zonas rurales de Bolivia. Métodos Desarrollamos un protocolo con funcionarios locales y se adaptó y probó una herramienta para la obtención de información. Se reclutaron y capacitaron ocho pacientes misteriosos con citas programadas para realizarse el examen de Papanicolaou en cuatro centros de salud/hospitales rurales seleccionados intencionalmente. Un entrevistador tomó la información de los pacientes después de sus exámenes y recogió los resultados en una hoja de cálculo para su análisis. Se reportaron las frecuencias y observaciones faltantes del cuestionario. Resultados Todos los pacientes completaron la evaluación y la entrevista. En promedio se completó el 93% de las preguntas. Las respuestas faltantes se debieron principalmente a preguntas que eran irrelevantes para el contexto. Las respuestas evidenciaron problemas con la confidencialidad y la dignidad, explicaciones mínimas sobre el examen o educación para la salud, inconsistencias entre los establecimientos de salud sobre la disponibilidad de la prueba de Papanicolaou y problemas relacionados con la entrega y recepción de los resultados. Conclusión Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la metodología del paciente misterioso puede ser útil para evaluar la calidad de los exámenes de detección de cáncer de cuello uterino y la entrega de los resultados en zonas rurales de Bolivia.

11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(8): 1157-1163, ago. 2021. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389579

ABSTRACT

Background: Cervicocranial arterial dissection (CIAD) is an important cause of stroke. Aim: To describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with CIAD. Material and Methods: An anonymous registry was made including all patients admitted to a private hospital with a diagnosis of CIAD. Patients were subdivided as having an anterior or posterior circulation dissection (ACD or PCD, respectively). Results: Fifty-seven patients aged 40 ± 8 years (60% women) were included in the study, 39 with PCD and 18 with ACD. Cervical pain was the most common symptom. CIAD was diagnosed with no clinical or imaging signs of stroke in 49% of patients. Fifty one percent of patients had focal neurological deficits and 72% had a NIH stroke score below five. No significant differences between patients with ACD or PCD were found. Fifty patients received antiplatelet therapy (simple or dual), seven patients were anticoagulated and 13 were subjected to stenting due to progression of stenosis with hemodynamic involvement or bilateral dissection with scarce collaterals. The lesion was located in V3 segment in 27 patients and cervical segment of the internal carotid in 16 cases. A favorable Modified Rankin Scale (0-2) was achieved in 85.9%, with a trend towards achieving better functional prognosis in PCD. Conclusions: Due to the greater availability of non-invasive imaging methods, 50% of these patients with CIAD did not have a stroke. Thus, an earlier and more timely management is feasible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Stroke/etiology , Aortic Dissection/complications , Aortic Dissection/therapy , Prognosis , Stents
12.
Rev. cuba. med ; 60(2): e1507, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1280344

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los adultos mayores generalmente presentan diferentes patologías, lo que implica un alto consumo de medicamentos, con lo cual, este grupo poblacional constituye uno de los que mayor cantidad de errores pueden cometer en el uso de fármacos. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento del consumo de fármacos en una población perteneciente a la tercera edad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en un consultorio médico del municipio Arroyo Naranjo de La Habana en el período entre octubre de 2018 y mayo de 2019. La población estuvo conformada por 365 pacientes geriátricos con diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica no transmisible (ECNT). Se realizó un muestreo al azar para un total de 67 pacientes seleccionados. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, ECNT asociada y medicamentos consumidos. Los datos fueron obtenidos mediante revisión de historias clínicas y entrevistas realizadas. Se realizó un análisis porcentual para determinar prevalencia en cada variable analizada. Resultados: Los medicamentos que más destacaron en la muestra fueron los antihipertensivos e hipoglucemiantes. El consumo de medicamentos fue superior en los pacientes de 75 años en adelante y fundamentalmente en las mujeres. Los hombres, por su parte, constituyeron los más irresponsables en la adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusiones: Existió correspondencia entre los tratamientos y las patologías en la mayoría de los casos con excepción de algunos pacientes en los que la relación beneficio-riesgo del tratamiento no se cumplió totalmente. Sin embargo, de manera global, se considera que no existe un adecuado uso de los medicamentos en la muestra(AU)


Introduction: Aged adults generally have different pathologies, which implies high consumption of drugs, with which, this population group is one of those that can make the higher number of errors when using medication drugs. Objective: To evaluate the behavior of drug use in an elderly population. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in a medical office in Arroyo Naranjo municipality, Havana, from October 2018 to May 2019. 365 geriatric patients made up the population they had diagnosis of chronic non-communicable disease (NCD). A random sampling was carried out for a total of 67 selected patients. The variables analyzed were age, sex, associated NCD, and medications used. The data were obtained by studying medical records and interviews. A percentage analysis was carried out to determine prevalence in each variable analyzed. Results: The drugs that stood out the most in the sample were antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs. The consumption of drugs was higher in patients aging 75 years and older and mainly in women. Men were the most irresponsible in adherence to treatment. Conclusions: There was correspondence between the treatments and the pathologies in most cases with the exception of some patients in whom the benefit-risk ratio of the treatment was not fully met. However, generally, it is considered that there is no adequate use of the drugs in the sample(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Drug Therapy/methods , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
13.
Educ. med. super ; 35(2): e2208, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1286223

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Chile se ha consolidado como uno de los mayores destinos migratorios de la región, por lo que ha aumentado también la migración de profesionales de la salud, quienes deben acreditar su formación ante la autoridad chilena pertinente. Los países sin convenios vigentes deben revalidar el título profesional en la Universidad de Chile. Objetivo: Describir las postulaciones de revalidación de títulos profesionales emitidos por universidades extranjeras a las ocho carreras pertenecientes a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Chile. Métodos: Estudio formulado desde el paradigma positivista. Se utilizaron métodos de análisis cuantitativos, de tipo descriptivo, transversal y basados en fuentes secundarias de información. La muestra ascendió a 1616 postulaciones de revalidación de títulos de profesionales de salud emitidos en el extranjero. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de estadística descriptiva mediante el programa STATA 16. Se consideraron como principales variables: el país emisor del título, el título a revalidar y el estado en el proceso de revalidación. Una vez consolidado este análisis, se trianguló con una revisión literaria efectuada entre junio de 2018 y abril de 2019, para establecer si la descripción podía interpretarse desde el fenómeno del drenaje de cerebros. Resultados: Las carreras con mayores tasas de solicitud de revalidación fueron Medicina y Enfermería. Un 32,55 por ciento de las solicitudes correspondieron a títulos emitidos por universidades venezolanas y un 17,51 por ciento del total, a universidades cubanas, por lo que estas se consolidan como las dos principales. Conclusiones: Las solicitudes de revalidación de títulos han ido creciendo a lo largo de los años. La migración de profesionales de la salud a Chile no responde al fenómeno de drenaje de cerebros, sino es consecuencia de los cambios políticos y sociales de la región, y la estabilidad política chilena desde los noventa(AU)


Introduction: Chile has established itself as one of the largest migratory destinations in the region, a reason why health professionals' migration has also increased; in this respect, they must accredit their training before any relevant Chilean authority. For the case of countries without current agreements, the diploma must be revalidated with the University of Chile. Objective: To describe the applications for revalidating diplomas issued by foreign universities corresponding to the eight majors belonging to the School of Medicine at University of Chile. Methods: This is a study designed following the positivist paradigm. Quantitative analysis methods were used, together with descriptive and cross-sectional methods based on secondary sources of information. The sample amounted to 1616 applications for revalidating health-related diplomas issued abroad. A quantitative analysis of descriptive statistics was performed using the STATA 16 software. The main variables considered were country issuing the diploma, diploma to be revalidated, and revalidation status. Once this analysis was completed, it was triangulated with a literary review carried out between June 2018 and April 2019, in order to establish if the description could be interpreted based on the brain drain phenomenon. Results: The majors with the highest application rates for revalidation were Medicine and Nursing. 32.55 percent of the applications corresponded to diplomas issued by Venezuelan universities; while 17.51percent of the total, to Cuban universities, a reason why these are consolidated as the two main ones. Conclusions: Applications for revalidating diplomas have been growing over the years. Health professionals' migration to Chile is not due to the brain drain phenomenon, but a consequence of the political and social changes in the region, as well as the Chilean political stability since the nineties(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Personnel , Revalidation of the Products Registration , Human Migration , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 116(1): 56-65, Jan. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1152975

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento A hipertensão arterial (HTA) representa um grande fator de risco de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular. Ainda não se sabe que mecanismos moleculares específicos estão associados ao desenvolvimento de hipertensão essencial. Objetivo Neste trabalho, analisamos a associação entre expressão mRNA de monócito LRP1, expressão de proteína LRP1, e espessura íntima-média de carótida (EIMC) de pacientes com hipertensão essencial. Métodos A expressão mRNA de monócito LRP1 e os níveis de proteína e EIMC foram quantificados em 200 indivíduos mexicanos, sendo 91 normotensos (NT) e 109 hipertensos (HT) A significância estatística foi definida em p < 0,05. Resultados O grupo de pacientes HT tinha EIMC maior altamente significativa em comparação com os pacientes NT (p = 0,002), e isso está relacionado ao aumento na expressão mRNA de LRP1 (6,54 versus. 2,87) (p = 0,002) e expressão de proteína LRP1 (17,83 versus 6,25), respectivamente (p = 0,001). Essas diferenças foram mantidas mesmo quando dividimos nossos grupos de estudo, levando em consideração apenas aqueles que apresentavam dislipidemia na expressão de mRNA (p = 0,041) e de proteínas (p < 0,001). Também se identificou que a indução de LRP1 mediada por LRP1 em monócitos em de maneira dependente de dose e tempo, com diferença significativa em NT versus HT (0,195 ± 0,09 versus 0,226 ± 0,12, p = 0,046). Conclusão Foi encontrado um aumento em EIMC em indivíduos com hipertensão, associada a expressões de proteína LRP1 e mRNA mais altas em monócitos, independente da presença de dislipidemia em pacientes HT. Esses resultados que a upregulation de LRP1 em monócitos de pacientes hipertensos mexicanos poderia estar envolvida na diminuição da EIMC. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):56-65)


Abstract Background Arterial hypertension (HTA) represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is not yet known which specific molecular mechanisms are associated with the development of essential hypertension. Objective In this study, we analyzed the association between LRP1 monocyte mRNA expression, LRP1 protein expression, and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) of patients with essential hypertension. Methods The LRP1 monocyte mRNA expression and protein levels and cIMT were quantified in 200 Mexican subjects, 91 normotensive (NT) and 109 hypertensive (HT). Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results HT patients group had highly significant greater cIMT as compared to NT patients (p=0.002) and this correlated with an increase in the expression of LRP1 mRNA expression (6.54 vs. 2.87) (p = 0.002) and LRP1 protein expression (17.83 vs. 6.25), respectively (p = 0.001). These differences were maintained even when we divided our study groups, taking into account only those who presented dyslipidemia in both, mRNA (p = 0.041) and proteins expression (p < 0.001). It was also found that Ang II mediated LRP1 induction on monocytes in a dose and time dependent manner with significant difference in NT vs. HT (0.195 ± 0.09 vs. 0.226 ± 0.12, p = 0.046). Conclusion An increase in cIMT was found in subjects with hypertension, associated with higher mRNA and LRP1 protein expressions in monocytes, irrespective of the presence of dyslipidemias in HT patients. These results suggest that LRP1 upregulation in monocytes from Mexican hypertensive patients could be involved in the increased cIMT. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(1):56-65)


Subject(s)
Humans , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Hypertension , Monocytes , Risk Factors , Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 , Lipoproteins, LDL
15.
Rev. MED ; 28(2): 11-24, jul.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1406903

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Psychological studies of treatment adherence have established: 1) Indicator models-frequency of consultation, the prevalence of medication Intake over any other treatment, attendance at therapeutic and rehabilitation sessions-; 2) determining models-sex, age, income, level of education, reading comprehension, interpersonal relationships-; 3) mediating models-beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, intentions, and strategies-. Objective: To establish categories for the study of treatment adherence in literature published between 2015-2019, considering the occupational health climate. Method: Secondary research using a selection of 38 indexed sources in Latin American repositories- Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc, and Scielo-and the variables reported in the state of the art. Results: The model specification included four explanatory hypotheses of dependence relationship trajectories of six variables-demands, social support, control, effort, reward, and adherence-taken from the literature review. Discussion: Regarding the indicator, determining, and mediating models, we recommend including the work culture, quality of life, and subjective well-being variables In the specified model to examine the process that goes from the workplace culture to reinserting workers after accidents and diseases. Conclusion: The new model specification would include explanatory hypotheses of variable correlation trajectories to establish differences between organizations that provide social security and companies with workplace flexibility and their effects on their workers' occupational health.


Resumen: Los estudios psicológicos sobre la adherencia al tratamiento han establecido: 1) modelos indicadores (frecuencia de consulta, prevalencia de ingesta de medicamentos sobre cualquier otro tratamiento, asistencia a sesiones terapéuticas y de rehabilitación); 2) modelos determinantes (sexo, edad, ingresos, nivel educativo, comprensión lectora, relaciones interpersonales); y 3) modelos mediadores (creencias, actitudes, conocimientos, intenciones y estrategias). Objetivo: Establecer categorías para el estudio de la adherencia al tratamiento en la literatura publicada entre 2015 y 2019, teniendo en cuenta el clima de salud ocupacional. Método: investigación documental a través de una selección de 38 fuentes indexadas en repositorios latinoamericanos (Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc y Scielo) y las variables enumeradas en el estado del arte. Resultados: La especificación del modelo incluyó cuatro hipótesis explicativas de las trayectorias de las relaciones de dependencia de seis variables (demandas, apoyo social, control, esfuerzo, recompensa y adherencia) extraídas de la revisión de la literatura. Discusión: En cuanto al modelo indicador, determinante y mediador, se recomienda incluir las variables cultura laboral, calidad de vida y bienestar subjetivo en el modelo especificado con el in de examinar el proceso que abarca desde la cultura laboral hasta la reinserción de los trabajadores tras accidentes y enfermedades. Conclusión: La especificación del nuevo modelo incluiría hipótesis explicativas de trayectorias de correlación de variables para establecer diferencias entre organizaciones que brindan seguridad social y empresas con flexibilidad laboral y sus efectos en la salud ocupacional de sus trabajadores.


Resumo: Os estudos psicológicos sobre a adesão ao tratamento vêm estabelecendo que: 1) modelos indicadores (frequência de consulta, prevalência de ingesta de medicamentos sobre qualquer outro tratamento, assistência a sessões terapêuticas e de reabilitação); 2) modelos determinantes (sexo, idade, renda, escolaridade, compreensão leitora, relações interpessoais); e 3) modelos mediadores (crenças, atitudes, conhecimentos, intenções e estratégias). Objetivo: Estabelecer categorias para o estudo da adesão ao tratamento na literatura publicada entre 2015 e 2019, considerando o ambiente de saúde ocupacional. Método: pesquisa documental por meio de uma seleção de 38 fontes indexadas em repositórios latino-americanos (Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc e SciELO) e as variáveis enumeradas no estado da arte. Resultados: A especificação do modelo incluiu quatro hipóteses explicativas das trajetórias das relações de dependência de seis variáveis (demandas, apoio social, controle, esforço, recompensa e adesão) extraídas da revisão da literatura. Discussão: Quanto ao modelo indicador, determinante e mediador, é recomendado incluir as variáveis cultura profissional, qualidade de vida e bem-estar subjetivo no modelo especificado a fim de examinar o processo que abrange desde a cultura profissional até a reinserção dos trabalhadores após acidentes e doenças. Conclusão: A especificação do novo modelo incluiria hipóteses explicativas de trajetórias de correlação de variáveis para estabelecer diferenças entre organizações que oferecem seguridade social e empresas com flexibilidade trabalhista e seus efeitos na saúde ocupacional de seus trabalhadores.

18.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 156(1): 27-33, ene.-feb. 2020. tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249866

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El food craving o “ansia por comer” es una respuesta motivacional y fisiológica por comer alimentos específicos, principalmente con alto contenido calórico. Para evaluarlo se usa, entre otros, el Food Craving Questionnaire Trait, estructurado multidimensionalmente y validado en diversos países, el cual ha mostrado ser sensible y adaptable a los cambios contextuales-culturales. Objetivos: Validar y estandarizar el Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait en adultos de la Ciudad de México. Método: Estudio no experimental, transversal y aleatorizado de 1059 sujetos de uno y otro sexo, entre 18 y 84 años; 71.86 % del sexo femenino. Se examinaron propiedades psicométricas con análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. Resultados: Se redujeron los factores del cuestionario y los ítems se reorganizaron de forma diferente al original. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró ajuste adecuado y estandarización aceptable de los factores. Se encontró alta consistencia interna para el cuestionario global (a = 0.973 y rho = 0.975) para cada uno de los factores. Conclusión: Este estudio determina la viabilidad del Food Craving Questionnaire para población de la Ciudad de México.


Abstract Introduction: Food craving is a motivational and physiological response for eating specific foods, mainly with high caloric content. To assess food craving, self-reports, inventories and questionnaires are used. The Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait is multi-dimensionally structured and has been validated in several countries, since it is sensitive and adaptable to contextual-cultural changes. Objectives: To validate and standardize the Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait in adults of Mexico City. Method: Non-experimental, cross-sectional, randomized study of 1059 subjects of both genders, between 18 and 84 years of age; 71.86 % of the female gender. Psychometric properties were examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: The domains of the questionnaire were reduced and the items were reorganized differently from the original version. The confirmatory factor analysis showed an adequate fit and acceptable standardization of factors. High internal consistency was found for the global questionnaire (a = 0.973 and rho = 0.975) for each one of the domains. Conclusion: This study determines the viability of the Food Cravings Questionnaire for the population of Mexico City.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Appetite/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Craving/physiology , Food , Psychometrics , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Emotions , Feeding Behavior , Anticipation, Psychological , Guilt , Impulsive Behavior/physiology , Mexico
19.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 88(2): 118-122, ene. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346163

ABSTRACT

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los quistes de Naboth son tumoraciones benignas del cuello uterino, casi siempre son asintomáticos, por excepción son gigantes y de localización intraabdominal. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 44 años, acudió a consulta debido a sangrado uterino anormal de 7 años de evolución, flujo transvaginal hialino abundante y continuo, sensación de pesantez pélvica, aumento del tamaño abdominal y dificultad para orinar. En la exploración física el abdomen se encontró blando, depresible, el útero no delimitado, con el anexo derecho aumentado de tamaño. La tomografía abdominopélvica reportó una lesión compleja en el anexo derecho. Debido a la sospecha diagnóstica de tumoración del anexo, dependiente del ovario, se solicitaron los marcadores tumorales Ca 125 que se reportaron con valores en límites normales; la citología cervicovaginal fue negativa para displasia. En la laparoscopia se encontró integridad de los anexos y útero macroscópicamente normal, con un quiste en la cara anterior, adherido al espacio paravesical. De la cistectomía con punción del quiste se obtuvo material mucinoso, se observó comunicación entre el quiste y el canal vaginal de aproximadamente 6 cm. Con base en esos hallazgos se decidió la histerectomía total por vía abdominal. El reporte histopatológico fue de: quiste complejo de Naboth, profundo hasta la pared en el segmento y parametrios, sin evidencia de malignidad. CONCLUSIONES: Los quistes gigantes de Naboth son sintomáticos, de origen compresivo y abundante descarga vaginal. Debe sospecharse entre las tumoraciones anexiales; el diagnóstico definitivo se establece por histopatología.


Abstract BACKGROUND: Naboth cysts are benign tumors of the uterine cervix, usually asymptomatic, exceptionally present as giant cysts and rarely intra-abdominal location. CLINICAL CASE: A 44-year-old female who came to present with abnormal 7-year-old uterine bleeding, a feeling of pelvic heaviness, an increase in abdominal size, difficulty in urination and the presence of abundant and continuous transvaginal hyaline flow. On physical examination, a depressible soft abdomen, an unmarked uterus, with an enlarged right appendix was found. Abdominopélvica computed axial tomography reported a complex lesion in the right annex. An annex tumor was suspected, mainly ovarian-dependent, so tumor markers Ca 125 were requested with values within normal ranges, cervicovaginal cytology was negative for dysplasia. Laparoscopy was performed finding the integrity of the annexes and macroscopically normal uterus with presence of cyst in the anterior face adhered to the paravesical space, cystectomy was performed with puncture of the cyst obtaining mucinous material, communication was observed between the cyst and the vaginal canal of approximately 6 cm, So it was decided to perform total hysterectomy via abdominal. The histopathological report: complex cyst of deep Naboth to wall in the segment and parametria without evidence of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS: Naboth´s giant cysts usually cause symptoms especially of compressive origin and abundant vaginal discharge, it should be suspected among the adnexal tumors, the definitive diagnosis is made by histopathology.

20.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 10(1): 49-56, abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149042

ABSTRACT

Abstract The obesity is a global health problem, also it is increasing in adults and pediatric population, reducing life quality. Treatment must be interdisciplinary with elements of behavior modification on self-control, habit modifications, support networks and highlighting to adherence. Cognitive behavioral therapy, specifically on problem solving model, is efficient in treatment of anthropometric control, metabolic and behavioral indicators. Methods: Quasi-experimental, comparative, clinical and randomized study, n=100 adults of both sexes with an exogenous obesity diagnostic. The intervention was performed with an interdisciplinary treatment of cognitive behavioral therapy on problem solving model and 3mg. (0-0-1) of melatonin (50 subjects), comparing it with a group that only received the treatment by melatonin 3mg. (0-0-1) (50 subjects) per 8 months; the anthropometry and blood biochemical values (glucose, triglycerides, HDL and LDL) was evaluated after and before; dropout rate and adherence to the drug was evaluated every month. A bioimpedance machine was used. Results: The analysis demonstrated in eight months that the problem solving model with melatonin group got an adherence average of 80% (p= .05); in comparison with melatonin group that showed an average of 48% (p= .05). Relating to anthropometry and blood biochemical values, problem solving model and melatonin group got better effectiveness (p= .05). Conclusions Cognitive behavioral therapy combined with melatonin, was more effective in anthropometric indicators, blood chemistry and mainly in adherence, confirming the importance of the incursion of effective psychological techniques that contribute to the management of obesity.


Resumen La obesidad es un problema de salud que aumenta en la población, reduciendo la calidad de vida. El tratamiento debe de ser interdisciplinario, que incluya autocontrol de ingesta alimentaria, modificación de hábitos, redes de apoyo y manejo de adherencia. La terapia cognitiva conductual específicamente el modelo en solución de problemas es eficaz en el manejo de antropometría, indicadores metabólicos y conductuales, sin embargo no hay evidencia de su impacto en adherencia farmacológica. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental, comparativo, aleatorio simple y clínico. Participaron 100 adultos de ambos sexos con diagnóstico de obesidad exógena. Se aplicó intervención basada en el modelo en solución de problemas combinado con 3 mg. (0-0-1) de melatonina (50 sujetos), comparándola con un grupo que solo recibió melatonina 3 mg. (0-0-1) (50 sujetos) durante 8 meses; se evaluó antropometría (IMC y porcentaje de grasa), química sanguínea (glucosa, triglicéridos, HDL y LDL), tasa de abandono y adherencia al fármaco mensualmente. Se utilizó báscula de bioimpedancia. Resultados. El grupo de terapia y melatonina obtuvo un promedio de adherencia del 80% (p = .05); en comparación con el grupo de melatonina que mostró un promedio de 48% (p = .05). En la antropometría y química sanguínea, este grupo mostró mayor eficacia (p = .05). Conclusiones. La terapia cognitivo conductual combinada con melatonina, fue más efectiva en indicadores antropométricos, de química sanguínea y principalmente en adherencia, lo que confirma la importancia de la incursión de técnicas psicológicas efectivas que coadyuven en el manejo de obesidad.

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